Paint spray gun



April 7, 1959 E. c. BRIGGS 2,880,940

PAINT SPRAY GUN Filed May 25, 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 221. L; ,3e/66s,

l N VEN TOR.

l BY

I l E .rroQA/EY.

E. cQBRlGGs PAINT SPRAY GUN April 7, 1959 sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 25, 1953 IN VEN TOR.

rToQA/EY.

April 7,` 1959 E. c. BRlGGs 2,880,940

PAINT SPRAY GUN Filed May 25, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 52a. C. Baa/66s,

I N VEN TOR.

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4r rom/En April 7, 1959 E c. BRIGGS PAINT SPRAY GUN 5l Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 25, 1953 l mh 5 n( 0 a 52m. E. Q/GGS,

INVENTOR.

BY rro/QNEK April 7, 1959 E. c. BRIGGS 2,880,940

PAINT SPRAY GUN Filed May 25, 1953 5 sheets-sheet 5 W [L j@ I 50 67 12T 05199 171 66 ..907 19 l 104 JJ@ I .g 'n 1.1.4

INVENTOR, .195

PAINT SPRAY GUN 4United States Patent() Earl Briggs, Pasadena, Calif., assignor to Sharpe Manufacturing Co., Los Angeles, Calif., a corporation of California This invention relates to painting equipment, or the like, and particularly to a spray gun.

Many types of spray guns are manufactured to meet the demands of customers. It is highly desirable that the spray gun be inexpensive, even if certain features, for example, the air valve or the spray width control valve machanisms for controlling compressed. air for atomization, be omitted. v

In order to'make it possible to provide suitable spray gun equipment to meet various demands, a corresponding variety of designs or models is often offered by suppliers of such equipment.

For example, feed of the liquid to be sprayed may be obtained by the use of a siphoning action of the high v elocity stream of atomizing air or by the use of various types of pressure feed containers; also, different size and arrangement of 'the nozzle orices may be required for specific spray speeds and for various sprayed materials.

It is an object of this invention t-o provide a body structure that can be used for many types of spray guns, promoting economical manufacture of a complete line of spray guns, and yet provide all features so that each type may be adapted by the user for numerous different types of operations.

For aiding in the accomplishment of this purpose, a novel readily detachable connection is provided between the handle body and the spray gun head, whereby a variety of spray gun heads may be interchangeably carried by the handle body.

It is another object of this invention to provide a spray gun body which is provided with passages for a motive fluid in a novel manner, whereby one basic construction may provide the handle body for several distinct types of v It is furthermore an object of this invention to provide an improved nozzle structure whereby the pressure drop required to operate the gun is materially reduced.

Another object of this invention is to provide a simplified form of control mechanism both for the uid to be applied, and the motive uid, such as compressed air.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure l is a longitudinal sectional view of a spray gun embodying the present invention, a portion of the apparatus being shown in elevation, and the container being shown in an offset plane;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view, taken along the plane indicated by line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view, taken along the plane indicated by line 4-4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional View, taken along the plane indicated by line 5-5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a View similar to Fig. l, but illustrating a simplified form of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view similar to Fig. l, .but illustrating another modified form of the present invention;

Figs. 8, 9 and l() are diagrammatic views of a portion of the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and illustrating the manner in which the spray gun handle is detachably secured to the spray gun head, Fig. 8 being an enlarged 'fragmentary view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 9 being a View taken along theplane indicated by line 9-9 of Fig. 8, and Fig. 10 being a view similar to Fig. 8 but illustrating the parts separated;

Fig. ll is a longitudinal sectional View similar to Fig. 1, and showing a further modified form of the present invention;

Fig. l2 is an enlarged transverse sectional'view, taken along the plane indicated by line 12--12 of Fig. 11; and

Fig. 13 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the nozzle structure shown in Fig. 11.

In the form shown in Figs. l to 5, a spray gun 10 is disclosed that is generally of two-part construction.

A spray gun head 11, forming one of the parts, has a stepped socket for receiving a nozzle structure 12. The head 11 has a depending stem providing a material inlet passage 13 and separate air passages 14 and 15 leading into the nozzle structure 12. A generally cup-shaped spray gun tip 16 tits over the discharge end of the nozzle 12. The air passing through air passages 14 and 15, as hereinafter described, serves to determine the form of the paint spray.

The nozzle structure 12 is made up of parts having generally cylindrical configuration, appropriately formed to provide the requisite passages for paint and air.

Material from a source passes upwardly of the passageway 13 (Fig. 3) and into an axially extending longitudinal chamber 17 provided by the nozzle structure 12. This 1 central cham'ber 17 opens rearwardly of a protruding end This invention possesses many other advantages, and

has other objects which may be made more clearly apparent from a consideration of several embodiments of the invention. For this purpose, there are shown a few forms in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification. These forms will now be described in detail, illustrating the general principles of the invention; but it is to be understood that this detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, since the scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims' 12a of the nozzle structure for communication with the passageway 13. Material thence passes toward the left, outwardly of the chamber 17 through a restricted opening provided by converging walls of the nozzle 12 at a forwardly protruding end 12b of the nozzle.

The rearwardly protruding end 12a has an annular tapered surface in engagement with a corresponding seat surrounding the left-hand end of the horizontal extension 13a of the passageway 13.

The material is induced to flow outwardly of the nozzle, at least partly by the aid of a high velocity air jet passing around the protruding end 12b. For this purpose, the nozzle structure 12 and the spray gun tip 16 cooperate properly to direct air from the passageway 15 past a central aperture 18 in the tip 16. This aperture 18 surrounds the protruding end 12b of the nozzle 12 with but slight clearance therewith to provide for an annular air stream surrounding the outlet of the material passageway 17. I

A rear cylindrical surface 19 of the nozzle structure 12 is telescopingly vreceived in an inner socket or annular recess 20 .provided by the spray gun head 11. A shoulder 21 of the nozzle 12, .adjoining the protruding end 12a, is, however, spaced from the bottom of the socket 20 to define an annular chamber 33.

The air passage of the body 11 opens into the chamber. 33 via the right-hand portion of the inner recess 20. An inner series of substantially equiangularly spaced, longitudinally extending ports 22 (Fig. 4) passes the air from the chamber 33 to a frontal annular space 23 defined by an inner recess 29a of the nozzle tip 16 and the forward end of the nozzle 12. The outlet aperture 18 forms the outlet from the space 23.

The nozzle 12 and the tip 16 also cooperate to direct air from the passageway 14 to side air jets of the tip 16 for affecting the width of the spray. For this purpose, the nozzle 12 has a peripheral ange 24 partially received at the rearward portion thereof in the cylindrical walls of an outer socket or annular recess 25 of the spray gun head 11. This recess 25 may be tapped, to be engaged by the external threads formed on the right-hand portion of flange 24. The left-hand portion of nozzle 12, as viewed in Fig. 3, is of general rectangular section (see Fig. 4).

The inner socket 20 opens into the fbottom of the socket and is concentric therewith. A rear shoulder 26, formed by the flange 24, is normally spaced from the bottom of the socket 25, and defines therewith an outer annular chamber 34. The air passage 14 of the spray lgun body 11 opens into the chamber 34 via the bottom of the socket 25 at a place radially spaced from the inner socket 33.

An outer set of substantially equiangularly spaced, axially extending outer ports 27 establish communication between oposite sides of the peripheral flange 24. One vend of each of the ports 27 opens into the outer chamber 34 viathe shoulder 26; and the other ends of the outer ports 27 open into a frontal space 28 defined by the flange 24 and an outer recess 29b of the spray gun tip 16 (see, also, Fig. 4).

As shown most clearly in Fig. 5, the frontal space 28 communicates with passageways 3i), formed in diametrically oppositely disposed horns 31 integrally formed on the spray gun tip 16. These passageway terrninate in outlet openings 32 that are directed transverse to the axis of the nozzle 12. Air passing through the outlet openings. 32 serves to flatten or otherwise control the width of the spray in a well-known manner.

The nozzle 12 is secured to the head 11 by the aid of the threaded connection between the flange 24 and the socket 25. The threaded connection is sufficiently fluidtight to provide an effective seal to prevent extraneous ow of air from the socket 25 outwardly of the head 11.

'The annular inlet spaces 33 and 34 are separated from each other by telescoping relationship of the nozzle 12 in the inner socket 20. Only relatively minor leakage can occur between the spaces 33 and 34. But the threaded connection between the nozzle 12 and the spray gun .head 11 effectively prevents extraneous passage of air from the annular Vchamber 33, since the air of this chamber 33, to pass exteriorly of the head 11, must `also pass into the annular chamber 34 which it adjoins.

.An annular ltapered vsurface 35, surrounding the discharge ends of the inner set of nozzle ports 22, cooperates with a correspondingly tapered surface formed between the concentric ,and adjoining tip recesses 29a, 29b.

A frusto-conieal surface 37, on the protruding forward portion 'of the flange 24 and surrounding the discharge ends of the outer set of nozzle ports 27, cooperates with acorrespondingly frusto-conical surface about the outer tip recess 29h.

The angularity of the surfaces and 37 is identical; and movement of the spray gun tip 16 into wedging engagement with the nozzle structure 12 `eects a seal for the spaces y23 and 28, respectively. 'l`o `draw the tip 16 into engagement with the nozzle 12, the spray gun tip has a peripheral ilange 38 engaged by a downwardly extending flange 39 of a lock nut 36.

The lock nut 36 is threadedly carried on an external annular surface of the body 11 surrounding the outer socket 25. By appropriate manipulation of the lock nut 36, the spray gun tip 16 is brought into rm engagement with the nozzle structure 12. Leakage of air outwardly of tip recess 2911 is prevented by a rm engagement between the frusta-conical surface of the spray gun tip 16 and the flange 24.

As shown most clearly in Figs. l and 3, an elongate material flow controlling valve closure extends, with substantial clearance, into the nozzle passageway 17. However, a tapered end of the closure 90 cooperates with the restricted outlet opening of the central passageway 17 of the nozzle 12. In the position illustrated in Fig. 3, the tapered head of the valve 90 is in annular engagement with the interior surface of the material passageway 17 of the nozzle 12. Accordingly, flow of material through the nozzle is effectively prevented. Upon longitudinal retraction of the valve 90 toward the right, the tapered head moves from annular engagement with the nozzle structure 12 and permits passage of material.

The valve 90 extends rearwardly of the head 11 past packing 91 and a packing gland 92 into a chamber 93 of the handle body 51. The chamber extends above the handle portion of body 10. The manner in which the closure 9i) is operated will be described hereinafter.

In the present form, the material conduit 13 is supplied by a paint receptacle 71, or the like. The spray gun head 11 has an enlarged integrally formed jar cap 72 extending about the lower end of the conduit 13. The cap 72 appropriately cooperates, together with sealing means, with the jar or container 71. A short conduit 73, threadedly received in the lower end of the conduit 13, projects the conduit 13 to a place adjacent the bottom of the jar container 71.

In order to urge the material of the container upwardly of the passageway 13 and through the central passageway 17 of the nozzle, ud pressure may be introduced above the surface of the liquid in the container 71.

For this purpose, as shown most clearly in Fig. 2, the spray gun head 11 has a substantially vertical air passageway 74 that opens at its lower end at the interior of the cap 72. The upper end of the air passageway 74 opens into a side wall of a laterally extending and exteriorly opening recess 75 of the spray gun head 11. The bottom of the recess 75 communicates with a chamber ror recess 52 of the head which forms a means of supply to the air passageways 14 and 15 of the head 11. Accordingly, air under pressure in the air passageway 52 of the spray gun head 11 may pass through the recess 75, thence downwardly through the air passageway 74 to the container 71 for urging the material upwardly of the conduits 73, 13 and through the nozzle 12.

It is sometimes desirable that the liquid of the container 71 be subjected only to atmospheric pressure rather than to high air pressure. Thus, for instance, the material to be applied may be suciently fluid such that the small reduction in pressure, due to the high velocity air jet around the outlet end of the nozzle, is sufcient to induce flow of the material from the container and outwardly from the nozzle 12.

A novel valve structure carried by the head l1 is intended to be operable for alternatively connecting the passageway 74 to the pressure passageway 52 or to the atmosphere.

Intermediate the length of the recess 75 and adjoin ing the upper opening of the vertical passageway 74, a frusto-conical seat 76 is formed, through which air from the passage or recess 52 must pass, if at all, to the upper opening of the Vertical passageway 74. An enlarged head 77, integrally formed on a valve stem 78, -forms a valve closure for seal 76. For this purpose, it has a frusto-conical surface 79 engageable with the seat 7.6.V

.5 The stem 78 is movable longitudinally to bring the surface 79 into or out of engagement with the seat 76 to prevent or permit, respectively, communication between the passageways 52 and 74.

'Ihe outer end of stem 78 is threaded for providing such longitudinal movement, by engagement with a threaded aperture of a nut 80. The nut 80 is, in turn, threadedly received in the end opening of the recess 7S.

Substantial clearance is provided between the stem 78 and the nut 80, rearwardly of the head 77. An annular passageway 81, surrounding the stem 78, is thus formed. This annular space, by the aid of a transverse and a longitudinal port 82 and 83 in the stem 78, is in continuous communication with the exterior of the head and the ambient air.

The space 81 extends on that side of the upper end of the vertical passageway 74 remote from the annular seat 76'. lThe space 81 is either isolated from the passageway 74 or in communication therewith, depending upon the position of the head 77. For this purpose, a rearwardly facing frusto-conical valve closure surface 84 is formed on the head 77 that is selectively engageable with the end of the nut 80 to permit or prevent communication between the space 81 and the passageway 74.

Upon movement of the head 77 to close communication between the air passageways S2 and 74, as by the aid of an enlarged head 85, the frusto-conical surface 84 moves from the end of the' nut 80 and permits communication between the space 81 and the air passageway 74. Accordingly, when the head 77 engages the seat 76, the passageway 74 is in communication with the ambient air. Correspondingly, when the head 77 is fully retracted to establish communication between the passage'- ways 52 and 74, the rearwardly facing truste-conical surface 84 engages the end of the nut 80 to seal the space 81 from the passageway 74.

The spray gun head 11 has provisions for preventing material movement of the liquid of the container 71 into the vair passageway 74. A ow restricting device is provided for this purpose.

In the form shown in Figs. 1 to 5 and as shown most clearly in Fig. 2, a tubular valve body 86 is threadedly accommodated in the end of the air passageway 74. A valve stem 87 extends with substantial clearance through the central aperture of the body 86, and carries at the lower end a check valve closure 88.

A compression spring 89, at the upper end of the body 86, urges the stem 87 in a direction corresponding to movement of the check valve closure 88 into engagement with the edge surrounding the downward opening of the through aperture of the body 86.

Upon a preponderance of pressure on the upper side of the valve body 86, the valve structure will, of course,

be opened to admit pressurized air or atmospheric air.

However, the check valve ensures against accidental ow of material into the air passageway 74 should the orientation of the device be favorable to such flow.

As shown most clearly in Fig. l, the passages 14 and 15 of the spray gun head 11 communicate with an upper air passageway 50 of the handle body `51. For this purpose, the enlarged recess 52 of spray gun head 11 is provided that opens rearwardly of the head 11. The passages 14 arid 15 each separately communicate with the bottom of the recess 52. The manner in which the spray gun body 51 is detachably secured to the spray gun head 11 is shown to best advantage in Figs. 8, 9 and 10.

The spray gun head recess 52 is slightly enlarged as at 53 (see Fig. 10) at the rearwardly opening end thereof, forming a shoulder 54. A cylindrical projection 55, at the forward end of the spray gun body 51, is rereceived in the enlarged cylindrical recess 53. The projection 55 surrounds the opening of the upper air passageway 50.

vA through apertured bolt 56, extending in the air passageway 50, engages both the handle body 51 and'the spray, gun head 11 and draws the members together. For this purpose, one end of the bolt 56 has exterior threads 57 cooperating with corresponding threads 58 in the end of the recess 52. The other end of the bolt 56 has an enlarged head 59 engaging a shoulder 60 in the air passageway 50 of the body 51. l

Diametrically opposite slots 61 in the head 59 serve as a means whereby an appropriate tool may rotate the bolt 56. Such tool may be accessible through the rear opening of the recess 50 (see Fig. 1).

An appropriate sealing gasket is conned against the shoulder 54 by the end of the cylindrical projection 55.

In order to maintain alignment between the head 11.4and the body 51, the spray gun head 11 has vertical :and horizontal slots 62 and 63 (see Fig. 9) receiving kcorresponding lugs 64 and 65 formed near the base of the cylindrical portion 55.

In order that the spray gun pattern be controlled by the user of the gun, a metering device 66 is provided for controlling the ilow of air through openings 32 in horns 31 of the nozzle. The device is in the form of an elongate needle valve closure '66 that extends with substantial clearance through the tubular bolt 56. This valve 66 has a tapered head projecting through the recess 52 and into the air passageway 14 of the head 11 (Fig. 3). The spray directing passageways 30 (Fig. 5) are supplied with air only by the aid of the passageway 14. By longitudinally positioning the valve member 66, diierent extents of clearance are provided about the tapered end thereof and the entrance to the air passageway 14. Accordingly, longitudinal adjustment of the valve stem 66 controls the volume of air to the spray gun tip 16.

The manner in which the valve closure 66 is adjustably supported for this purpose is best shown in Fig. 1. r[ The right-hand end of the valve member 66 extends through, and is in threaded engagement with, a through aperture of a connector 67. The connector 67 is, in turn, thread'f edly received in the rear end opening of the upper air passageway 50. The closure 66, exterior of the connector, carries an enlarged annular head 68 for manipulation by the user.

Packing 69, carried in an enlarged recess of the connector 67 and surrounding the cylindrical portion of the valve member 66, eiectively seals the upper air chamber 50. A compression spring 70, engaging a collar carried by the closure 66, urges a packing gland to compress the packing.

For retracting the nozzle closure 90, a trigger structure 94, pivotally suspended on the valve body 51, is provided. This structure is bifurcated at its upper end to embrace the body portion 51.

A sleeve 95, slidingly accommodated on the nozzl closure 90, and also extending into the chamber 93, serves as a means whereby counterclockwise movement of the trigger 94 serves to operate the nozzle closure 90. An ear, integrally formed on the trigger 94, engages the left-hand end of the sleeve for moving it toward the right, as viewed in Fig. 1.

The right-hand end of the sleeve 95, upon movement toward the right, engages a collar or nut 96 carried near the right-hand end of the nozzle closure 90. Accordingly, upon operation of the trigger 94, the sleeve 95 moves a distance corresponding to the separation between its right-hand end and the nut 96; further movement of the sleeve 95 causes movement of the nozzle closure to the right to open the nozzle passageway.

The nut 96 is in threaded engagement with a reduced end of the nozzle closure 90. A peripheral cylindrical portion of the nut 96 is guidingly received in a central recess of a cap 97 which, in turn, is threadedly received in a valve body member 98, to be described more fully hereinafter.

A compression spring 99, in the recess of the cap 97, engages the nut 96 and thus urges the nozzle closure 90 to closed position.

A spacer member or lock nut 100 is carried at, the

9.6. and is, normally spaced from the bottom of the recess of the. cap 97. The spacing between the member 10.0 and the bottom of the recess` determines the limit of movement of the nozzle closure 90 to open position.

The member 100, being threaded on the rod closure 90, also serves to lock` the nut 96 in an adjusted position axially of the nozzle closure 90. The longitudinalY position of the nut 96 determines the extent of movement of the trigger member 94 required before movement of the nozzle closureV 90. This delay prior to the opening of the nozzle is required for first ensuring that pressurized air is available. at the nozzle.

The valve body 98 is telescopingly received into the chamber 93. A cylindrical surface 115 of the left-hand end of the body 98 is accommodated in guiding relation- Ship with a cylindrical surface provided by an inwardly extending flange 116- at the left-hand end of the chamber 93.

The valve body 98 is hollow, andl provides an inner annular tapered or frusto-conical surface forming a valve seat 104. The seat 104 dividesv the hollow interior of the valve body 98 into two axially spaced chambers.

Pressurized air is supplied to the upper air passageway 50 of the body 51 and the air passageways 14 and 15 of the head 11 through a generally vertical passageway 101 extending upwardly within the stock portion of the handle body. Air enters the passageway 101 through the bottom opening thereof. For this purpose, a coupling member 102 facilitates the connection of an air hose, or the like, leading to a remote source of pressurized air.

The. passageway 101 opens at its upper end into the central chamber 93. The air, controlled by a valve -apparams, then passes through an auxiliary passageway 103 extendingI between the central chamber 93 and the upper air passageway 50.

The air must pass, if at. all, axially of the interior of the. valve body 98 past the seat 104. For this purpose, the valve body 98 has a peripheral shoulder 105 engaging a corresponding shoulder formed intermediate the chamber 93. The valve body 98 thus denes separate axially spaced, generally annular spaces 106 and 107 around the valve body 98.

The passageway 101 is incontinuous communication with the external space 106. The space 106, in turn, communicates with the interior of the valve body 98 on the right-hand side of the seat 104 by they aid of transverse ports 108 in the body 98. The interior of the valve body 98 on the other side of the seat 104 communicates with the annular space 107 by the aid of transverse ports 109.

This structure, therefore, determines the passage of airl designated generally by the arrows 110.

The movable sleeve 95 intermediate its length carries a resilient sealing ring 111` in a groove defined by axially spaced annular anges. The sealing ring 111 acts as a closure in cooperation with the seat 104. The sleeve 95 otherwise has substantial clearance with the interior of the valve body 98 on opposite sides of the seat 104.

In the position illustrated, the ring 111 is in annular closing engagement both with the seat 104 and the groove of the sleeve 95. Accordingly, passage of air is interrupted. The control of the passage of air is thus achieved.

The air valve is biased to closed position by the aid. of a compression spring 112 carried in an annular recess at the right-hand end of the sleeve 95, engaging at respective ends the nut 96 andthe sleeve 95.

Since there is a lost motionA connection between the sleeve 95 and the nozzle closure 90, the nozzle closure 90 opens only after the air valve provided by the ring 111 and seat; 104 isopen, and proper operation of the gun is thus. achieved.

A packing gland 113, surrounding the sleeve and threadedly carried by the valve body 98, urges packing against a shoulder of the body to seal one end opening of the body 98 and the air chamber therein. In a similar manner, a packing gland 114, surrounding the sleeve 95 and threadedly carried in the valve body 9S, urges packing against a shoulder of the body 98 to seal the air chamber near the other end of the body.

In the spray gun shown in Fig. 6, it is intended that the are be uncontrolled by the gun. The same basic construction may, nevertheless, be used. A handle body 120, substantially identical to the handle body 51, is provided. Theymay be made by the same casting process. The same spray gun head 11 and nozzle 12 are used as in the previous form.

For passing air through the nozzle 12, air is supplied directly to an upper passageway 122, that corresponds to the passageway 50 of the previous form. For this purpose, an air hose coupling 121 isl carried at the end opening of the upper air passageway 122. No valve means are provided far varying the width of the spray, however.

Air thus passes uninterruptedly through the upper air passageway 122, through the hollow bolt 56 and into the air passageways 14 and 15 of the spray gun head.

A nozzle closure valve 123 is similar to the nozzle closure valve 90 of the previous form. It extends into a central chamber 124 of the valve body 120, the central chamber 124 corresponding to the central chamber 93 in the previous form. However, no air valve is accommodated in the chamber 124.

The nozzle closure 123 mounts the nut 96 and the abutment member 100, as in the previous form. The compression spring 99 is accommodated in the cup 97, as before. A coupling member 125 is used as a means for adjustably securing the cup 97, and', to this extent, serves in place of the valve body 9S of the previous form.

A sleeve operator 126 is provided that retracts the nozzle closure 123, as in 4the previous form. However, the sleeve 126 need not be provided with external tlanges to accommodate an. air valve closure.

In order to coniine the passage of air through the upper air chamber 122, no auxiliary passageway, such as 93 in the previous form, is provided.

A stock portion 127 of the handle body 120 has a passage 128 that serves, in the present instance, only as a means for reducing the mass of the handle body 120. Since it does not serve as an air inlet passage, as does the passageway 101 of the previous form, the lower end of the air passageway 128 need not be provided with threads for accommodating a coupling member.

In the present instance, a ange 129 is provided on the body 120, dening the entrance to the central chamber 124'. This flange 129 has slight clearance with respect to theA sleeve 126. The only difference between the flange 129 as compared with the ange 116 of the previous form is that the flange 129 extends radially inwardly a greater extent.

The handle body 120 differs from the handle body 51 of the previous form in these few minor details.

A device 130 for restricting undesired passage of material is threadedly accommodated in the lower end of the vertical air passageway 74 of the head. The ow restricting device 130 is of simpler construction than the check valve structure 86-89 of the previous form.

In the present instance, the device 130 simply provides a restricted opening 131 retarding flow of the material of the container 71 into the air passageway 74. The Ionly means of attachment of either the check lvalve structure {t6-89 -or the flow restricting device 130 is by way of a threaded connection, and, accordingly, the devices are completely interchangeable.

In the form shownV in Fig. 7, a handle body 51 is provided, as in the form shown, in Figs. l to 5. The handle body 51 accommodates identical valve structures as in.

:that form. Thus, the air valve body 98 is provided in the central chamber 93, and the regulating device 66 is provided in the upper air passageway 50 for controlling communicating with the central passageway of the nozzle 12 at the upper end which is adapted to communicate with a flexible hose, or the like, that leads to a remote source of the material. Such source may be pressurized, or it may be subjected to atmospheric pressure, as required or desired.

The valve structure 77, of the form shown in Figs. 1

to 5, is not provided, nor is there any air passageway in the head 150 serving as a means to pressurize the liquid to be applied.

.In other respects, the head 150 is identical to the head 11. It provides air passageways 152 to the spray gun tip 16, and also an air passageway 153 passing air about the outlet tip of the nozzle 12. f `In the form shown in Fig. 1l, the handle body 51 is identical t'o that shown in the forms of Figs. 1 to 5 and Fig. 7.

A diierent spray gun head 190, however, is provided ,that is interchangeable with both the heads 11 and 150.

This spray gun head 190 operates in a manner similar to the spray gun head 150 of the form shown in Fig. 7, the present head 190 providing a conduit 191 for the entrance of the material to be applied from a remote source. K The head 190, however, is of such proportion as to accommodate a larger and different nozzle structure 192. The integrally formed nozzle structure 192 is of a larger radial extent to provide correspondingly larger air passageways to enhance the flow of air through the device. As shown most clearly in Fig. 13, a generally tubular "portion 193, seated at the right-hand end in a frustoconical seat 194, provides a passage communicating with a generally vertical material passageway 195 of the body 190. The left-hand end of the tubular portion 193 converges to vprovide a restricted jet opening for the material.

A generally cylindrical member 196, formed by substantial undercuts or grooves around the central portion of the nozzle, surrounds the inner tubular member 193. 'Ihe right-hand end is guidingly received in a socket or lrecess 197 provided by the body 190. Air from a recess 198 of the spray gun head 190 passes into the socket and between the generally tubular members 193 and 196 for passage around theoutlet' of the nozzle. For this purpose, a port 199.establishes communication between the recess 198 and that portion of the socket 197 falling intermediate the tubular members 193 and 196. .The members 193 and 196 are connected by the aid of an integral web structure, or the like, through which equiangularly spaced, axially extending ports 200 extend. These axially extending ports 200 establish communication through the web and betweenv the tubular portions 193k and 196. AAn integral outer flange 201, extending around the outer Vtubular member 196, provides the means for attachment of the nozzle structure 192-to the head 190. As infthe previous form, the flange 201 extends partially into an outer cylindrical socket 203 concentric with the inner cylindrical socket 197. Threaded engagement 'between the flange 201 and the socket 203 serves as a means for coupling the nozzle 192 to the lhead 190. An outer series of equiangularly spaced, axially extending ports 120,4; establish communication between those spaces on opposite sides of the ange.

The recess 198 of the head 190 communicates with lfrom the body 51.

' 10 the ports 201 by way of an angled passageway 205. The inlet end of the passageway 205 opens centrally of the bottom of the recess 198. The tapered end of the valve 66 projects into the inlet of the passageway 205 to pe'rform controlling functions, as before. The passageway 205 then leads upwardly of the 'head and opens into the outer socket 203. It communicates with an undercut portion 206 of the ange 201 that, in turn, communicates with the ports 204.

As in the previous form, a nozzle tip 207 cooperates with the left-hand end of the nozzle structure. The nozzle tip 207 has annular frusto-conical surfaces `208 and 209 cooperating with corresponding surfaces at the left-hand ends of the tubular member 196 and the flange l201.

The nozzle tip 207 denes a frontal chamber 210 communicating with the inner ports 200 and discharging through an annular space provided lby an aperture 211 surrounding the discharge end of the nozzle.

Air from the passageway 198 at high velocity passes around the jet opening for the material by way of the port 199 of the body 190, the ports 200 and the frontal chamber 210.

The nozzle tip also defines an annular chamber 212 surrounding the tubular member 196 and communicating with a spray directing passageway 213 of horns 214 of the nozzle tip.

. Air, metered by the valve 66, passes from the spray gun head chamber 198 through the passageway 205, to the bottom of the socket 203, through the ports 201 into the annular space 212, and thence to the spray directing passageway 213.

The particular configuration of the passageway 205 makes it possible for the spray gun head 190 to accom'- modate the enlarged nozzle 192 without requiring any change in the orientation of the handle body 51. Thus, the metering Valve 66 can be disposed at a place corresponding to that in the previous forms (compare Fig'. 3). Also, the spray gun head 190 has provisions-for attachment to the handle body 51, as in the previous form.

. In order that a spray gun such as is shown in Fig. 1 be modified to provide the gun of Fig. 11, only a few simple operations are required. y

The connector 67 (Fig. l1), together with the metering device 66, is removed from the upper chamber 122. The hollow connecting bolt 56 is then disengaged from the head 11. The spray gun head 11 can then be removed In this process of removal, the nozzle lclosure remains in place on the body 51, and its end passes through the gland 92. If required, the gland 92 can be 'loosened or removed to facilitate relative movement.

The head 190, in place of the head 11, can then be secured to the body 51 by the aid of the hollow nut 56.

Ink a similar manner, the head 150, such as is shown in Fig. 7, may be provided in place of either the head 11 or 190.

The body 120, shown in Fig. 6, can similarly accommodate either the head 11, as shown, or the head or of the form shown in Figs. 7 and l1, respectively,

The handle body 120 of the form shown in Fig. 6 is made from the same casting as the handle body 51. In order that the handleI body 120 of the form in Fig. 6 be modied to comprise the handle body 51, only a few machining operations need `be performed. The auxiliary passageway 103 is provided to establish communication between the central chamber 124 and the upper chamber 122. This machining operation may be performed by a tool inserted through the rear opening of the upper passageway 122. The bottom of the vertical passageway 128 can be tapped to accommodate a connector, such as 102. Finally, the ange 129 can Ibe machined in order .to guidingly accommodate a valve body, such as 98.

The inventor claims:

1. In a spray gun: a body member having a passage extending through the body member; a socket forming member for receiving a nozzle, said socket forming member having an exteriorly opening recess; said members having `telescoping parts surrounding the exterior open ing of said recess and one end of said passage respectively for establishing communication between the passage and the recess and for coupling said members; said body member having a shoulder intermediate the length of the passage facing the other end of said passage; a through apertured bolt movable into the passage from the other end opening into the passage, said bolt having a head engaging said bolt and having a shank portion detachably engaging the walls of said recess; and means for determining angular alignment between the members, comprising a series of lugs on one of the members spaced angularly about the axis of the telescoping parts, and complementary means forming a corresponding series of recesses on the other of the members for receiving the said one or more lugs.

2. In a spray gun: a body member having a passage extending through the body member; a socket forming member for receiving a nozzle, said socket forming member having an exteriorly opening recess; said body mem- `her having an annular exterior surface surrounding `one end opening of said passage telescopingly received in said recess of said socket forming member; said socket forming member having walls adjoining the exterior opening of said recess provided with a series of transverse slots spaced angularly about said exterior opening of said recess; said body member having a plurality of lugs extending outwardly of said annular exterior surface and extending angularly about said one end opening of said passage, said lugs being located at a place spaced from the end of said annular surface; said lugs intertting the slots of said socket forming members; and through apertured fastening means movable into the passage from the other end opening of the passage for maintaining said members in coupling relationship.

3. In combination: a spray gun head having a stepped socket formed of inner and outer coaxial recesses, the inner recess opening into the bottom of the outer recess; the outer recess being internally threaded and the inner recess having a cylindrical Wall; said head having a material inlet passage opening at the bottom of the inner recess; means forming a conical seat about said opening of said material inlet passage; a nozzle structure having peripheral threads cooperable with the outer recess, and having at one end a iirst reduced extension provided with a cylindrical end ttting partially within the inner recess, and having at said one end a second reduced extension provided with a conical portion engaging said seat; the conical portion being urged against the seat upon rotation of the nozzle structure in one direction; the rst reduced extension terminating in spaced relationship to the bottom of said inner recess when the conical portion is seated for defining a first annular chamber; the base of the first extension being spaced from the bottom of the outer recess when the conical portion is seated for defining a second annular chamber; said nozzle having an axial passage opening Within said conical portion for registry with said material inlet passage; said nozzle having a first series of through passages extending about said axial passage and opening in said rst annular space; said nozzle having a second series of through passages extending about the iirst series of through apertures and opening in said second annular space; and means forming in the head separate passages to the respective annular spaces, and arranged to be supplied by a common source.

4. In combination: a spray gun head having a stepped socket formed of inner and outer coaxial recesses, the inner recess opening into the bottom of the outer recess; the outer recess being internally threaded and the inner recess having a cylindrical wall; said head having a material inlet passage opening at the bottom of the inner recess; means forming a conical seat about said opening of said material inlet passage; a nozzle structure having peripheral threads cooperable With the outer recess, and having at one end a rst reduced extension provided with a cylindrical end tting partially Within the inner recess, and having at said one end a second reduced extension provided with a conical portion engaging said seat; the conical portion being urged against the seat upon rotation of the nozzle structure in one direction; the first reduced extension terminating in spaced relationship to the bottom of said inner recess when the -conical portion is seated for dening a first annular chamber; the base of the first extension being spaced from the bottom of the outer recess when the conical portion is seated for deiining a second annular chamber; said nozzle having an axial passage opening within said conical portion for registry with said material inlet passage; said nozzle having a first series of through passages extending about said axial passage and opening in said rst annular space; said nozzle having a second series of through passages extending about the rst series of through apertures and opening in said second annular space; means forming in the head separate passages to the respective annular spaces, and arranged to be supplied by a common source; and a spray gun tip for the other end of the nozzle and forming separate generally circularly extending spaces respectively for the other ends of the first and second series of passages, said tip having spray directing openings communicating with one of said circular spaces, and having an atomizing .opening extending about the other end of the axial passage and communicating with the other circular space.

5. In a spray gun: a body member having a through passage extending through the body member; a socket forming member for receiving a nozzle, said socket forming member having an exteriorly opening recess; means forming in the socket forming member two passageways opening in the recess; said members having annular engaging surfaces surrounding one end opening of said passage and the exterior opening of said recess respectively; said body member having an annular shoulder intermediate the length of the passage facing toward the other end of the passage; a through apertured bolt movable into the pasage from the other end opening of the passage, said bolt having a head engaging said shoulder and a shank portion detachably engaging the Walls of the recess; and a needle valve member in the passage and mounted at the other end of the passage independently of said bolt, said needle valve member extending with clearance through the bolt for cooperation with the opening of `one of said two passageways.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,376,534 Grikscheit May 3, 1921 1,906,975 Larson May 2, 1933 1,950,779 Bramsen Mar. 13, 1934 2,027,103 Johnson Ian. 7, 1936 2,043,668 Kohler June 9, 193.6 2,107,726 Bramsen et al. Feb. 8, 1938 2,174,695 Frickie Oct. 3, 1939 2,281,666 Bramsen May 5, 1942 2,462,262 Gustafsson et al. Feb. 22, 19.49 2,552,907 Peeps May 15, 1951 2,591,585 Moore Apr. 1, 1952 2,593,096 Brusdal Apr. 15, 1,952 2,659,628 Beach Nov. 17, 1953 2,708,095 Mitchell May 10, 19,55

FOREIGN PATENTS 383,768 .Great vBritain Nov. 24, 1932 856,266 France Mar. 18, 1940 604,559 Great Britain July 6, 19,48 

